All Polices

Benzodiazepine Use For Fear Of Flying

Hadrian Health Centre – Practice Policy

Requests for Benzodiazepines for the indication of Fear of Flying

 

At Hadrian Health Centre, our practice stance is not to prescribe any Benzodiazepines for the indication Fear of Flying

 

Reasoning behind this:

In flight Safety:

  • Benzodiazepines can cause CNS depression which slows thinking and reaction times. This can increase the risk to the passenger if they are unable to act in an emergency situation, which could put them at a significant risk of not being able to save their life.
  • According to the BNF, benzodiazepines can (although uncommonly) cause agitation, which could increase the risk to other passengers and staff.
  • Although the medical advice is not to drink alcohol alongside benzodiazepines, the reality is this may not be followed, and cause adverse effects.

 

VTE risk

  • As benzodiazepines have the potential to cause CNS depression, there is an increase risk of developing DVT/PE, which can be fatal. According to research, benzodiazepines have the potential of inducing non-REM sleep which is where a person does not move in their sleep. If a flight is 4 hours or more and the person does not move in this time because they are in this type of sleep, then this further increases their VTE risk

 

CNS Depressant Effect

  • Benzodiazepines have sedating effects, which can cause oxygen saturations to decrease. This is dangerous as oxygen saturation levels are already reduced at altitude.

 

Law in Other Countries

  • In some countries, benzodiazepines are illegal and a patient risks breaking the law if found to be carrying this. Also in some countries where it is illegal, passengers will need to consider the return flight home/onward journey and will need an alternative way of coping with flying
  • GPs are only indemnified for medicines administered within the UK.

 

NICE Guidance Stance

  • We should not be prescribing benzodiazepines for mild or self-limiting mental health problems and are only advised for short term use in a crisis in generalised anxiety disorder. For this indication, a person would not be fit to fly. Fear of flying is not generalised anxiety disorder.

 

BNF

  • Phobia is listed as a contraindication for prescribing Benzodiazepines.

 

Alternative Signposting

Patient Information Leaflet – Benzodiazepine Use For Fear Of Flying

Complaint Policy

1.1 Introduction

If you have a complaint or concern about the service you have received from the doctors or any of the staff working at Hadrian Health Centre, please let us know. This includes Primary Care Network staff working as part of our GP surgery. We operate a complaints procedure as part of an NHS system for dealing with complaints. Our complaints system meets national criteria.

1.2 How to complain

We hope that most problems can be sorted out easily and quickly when they arise and with the person concerned. For example, by requesting a face-to-face meeting to discuss your concerns.

If your problem cannot be sorted out this way and you wish to make a complaint, we would like you to let us know as soon as possible. By making your complaint quickly, it is easier for us to establish what happened. If it is not possible to do that, please let us have details of your complaint:

  • Within 6 months of the incident that caused the problem; or
  • Within 6 months of discovering that you have a problem, provided this is within 12 months of the incident.

 

Complaints should be addressed to the Practice Manager/Deputy Manager verbally or in writing to Hadrian Health Centre, Elton Street East, Wallsend, NE28 8QU. Alternatively, you may ask for an appointment with the GP surgery to discuss your concerns. Please be as specific as possible about your complaint.

 

1.3 What we will do

We will acknowledge your complaint within three working days. We will aim to have investigated your complaint within 28 working days of the date you raised it with us. We will then offer you an explanation or a meeting with the people involved, if you would like this. When we investigate your complaint, we will aim to:

  • Find out what happened and what went wrong.
  • Make it possible for you to discuss what happened with those concerned, if you would like this.
  • Make sure you receive an apology, where this is appropriate.

Identify what we can do to make sure the problem does not happen again.

If it is not possible to complete our investigation within 28 working days of the date you raised it with us, we will contact you with an updated timescale.

1.4 Complaining on behalf of someone else

We take medical confidentiality seriously. If you are complaining on behalf of someone else, we must know that you have their permission to do so. A letter of consent signed by the person concerned will be needed unless they are incapable (because of illness) of providing this.

1.5 Complaining to NHS England

We hope that you will use our Practice Complaints Procedure if you are unhappy. We believe this will give us the best chance of putting right whatever has gone wrong and an opportunity to improve our GP surgery.

However, if you feel you cannot raise the complaint with us directly, please contact NHS England. You can find more information on how to make a complaint at https://www.england.nhs.uk/contact-us/complaint/complaining-to-nhse/.

 

1.6 Unhappy with the outcome of your complaint?

If you are not happy with the way your complaint has been dealt with by the GP surgery and NHS England and would like to take the matter further, you can contact the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO). The PHSO makes final decisions on unresolved complaints about the NHS in England. It is an independent service which is free for everyone to use.

To take your complaint to the Ombudsman, visit the https://www.ombudsman.org.uk/ or call 0345 015 4033

 

1.7 Need help making a complaint?

If you want help making a complaint, HealthWatch NorthTyneside can help you find independent NHS complaints advocacy services in your area. Please call 0191 263 5321 or visit www.healthwatchnorthtyneside.co.uk

Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) offer information, advice and support to patients with questions or concerns about an NHS service. Please call 0800 0320202

Complaints Leaflet

 

 

GP Earnings

The average earnings for the GP’s working in Hadrian Health Centre  in the last financial year was £49,652, before taxation and national insurance. This is for 2 full time GP, 17 part time GP’s and 8 locums who worked in the practice for a total of six months or more.

The average earnings reported last year was £54,710

Disclaimer

NHS England require that the net earnings of Doctors engaged in the Practice is publicised, and the required disclosure is shown above. However it should be noted that the prescribed method for calculating earnings is potentially misleading because it takes no account of how much time Doctors spend working in the Practice, and should not be used to form any judgement about GP earnings, nor to make any comparison with any other Practice.

Zero Tolerance

It is our policy to be helpful and polite to all our patients regardless of age, ethnic origin, disability, gender or sexual orientation. We expect the same courtesy from our patients. Discriminatory, unsocial, threatening, violent or abusive behaviour towards staff, other patients or the premises will not be tolerated.

In England, please refer to NHS Constitution your rights and responsibilities for further information.

As an employer, the Practice has a duty to care for the health and safety of its staff. The practice also has a legal responsibility to provide a safe and secure working environment for staff. All patients are expected to behave in an acceptable manner and violent or abusive behaviour towards staff or patients may result in removal from our practice list or even criminal proceedings. The practice follows the NHS guidance concerning Zero Tolerance.

The NHS operate a Zero Tolerance Policy with regard to violence and abuse and the Practice has the right to remove violent patients from their list with immediate effect, in order to safeguard practice staff, patients and other persons. Violence in this context includes actual or threatened physical violence or verbal abuse which leads to fear for a person’s safety. In this situation we will notify the patient in writing of their removal from the list and record in the patient’s medical records the fact of the removal and the circumstances leading to it.

Where patients are disruptive and display aggressive and/or intimidating behaviour and refuse to leave the premises, staff are instructed to dial 999 for Police assistance, and charges may then be brought against these individuals.

We will not deal with anyone, in anyway, who shouts at us. We will advise you at the time that we cannot deal with you because you are shouting – and we may begin the process of removal from our patient list

The Practice supports the government’s ‘Zero Tolerance’ campaign for Health Service Staff. This states that GPs and their staff have a right to care for others without fear of being attacked or abused. To successfully provide these services a mutual respect between all the staff and patients has to be in place. All our staff aim to be polite, helpful, and sensitive to all patients’ individual needs and circumstances. You are respectfully reminded that it is very often the case whereby staff are simultaneously confronted with a multitude of varying and sometimes difficult tasks and situations.

If you are seriously unhappy with the quality of service you have the right to register with another practice without notifying us. Similarly, on the very rare occasions when a patient repeatedly ignores their responsibilities to the Practice, we have the right to remove the patient from our Practice list.

The practice has the right to remove violent patients from the list with immediate effect in order to safeguard practice staff, patients and other persons. Please note:

  • Violence in this context includes actual or threatened physical violence or verbal abuse which leads to fear for a person’s safety. In this situation we will notify the patient in writing of their removal from the list and record in the patient’s medical records the fact of the removal and the circumstances leading to it.
  • Intimidation in this context includes shouting or talking in an aggressive or passive-aggressive raised voice; or making inappropriate comments.
  • Harassment in this context includes persistent and repeated telephone calls, or face-to-face confrontations, when the definitive answer has already been given and the person to whom you are talking is unable or does not have the authority to satisfy the demands of your request.

The Practice takes it very seriously if a member of staff or one of the doctors or nursing team is treated in an abusive or violent way. Aggressive behaviour, be it violent or abusive, will not be tolerated and may result in you being removed from the Practice list and, in extreme cases, the Police being contacted.

Inappropriate and unacceptable behaviours may include but are not limited to:

  • Using threatening or abusive language involving swearing or offensive language at practice staff or other service users
  • Any behaviour which we consider intimidating or disruptive
  • Excessive noise (e.g. recurrent loud or intrusive conversation or shouting)
  • Any physical violence towards any member of the Primary Health Care Team or other patients, such as pushing or shoving
  • Racial abuse and sexual harassment will not be tolerated within this practice
  • Persistent or unrealistic demands that cause stress to staff will not be accepted. Requests will be met wherever possible and explanations given when they cannot
  • Causing damage/stealing from the Practice’s premises, staff or patients
  • Obtaining drugs and/or medical services fraudulently

Our Zero Tolerance Policy also covers directing abuse at the Practice and/or Staff via Social Media

  • We welcome all feedback as it gives us the opportunity to review the services that we provide and, where necessary or appropriate, make changes or improvements. We encourage patients to feedback to the surgery through appropriate channels and we can then act on it as necessary.
  • Feedback is a useful part of the interaction between Hadrian Health Centre and its patients and other service users. However, derogatory, abusive or offensive comments about Hadrian Health Centre or staff on social media are not an acceptable part of the relationship between both parties.
  • We have a duty to protect our staff from online abuse.
  • Posting derogatory and/or offensive comments online can cause unwarranted distress to our Practice members and Staff and cause patients to delay or dissuade from presenting to the surgery to receive medical treatment
  • If any derogatory posts regarding the Hadrian Health Centre or its staff are brought to our attention, they could be viewed as a potential breakdown in the doctor-patient professional relationship and may result in the individual being removed from our list.
  • Legal advice will be sought and the appropriate action taken against any patient who posts defamatory comments.
  • Defamatory comments about our team are not to be shared on any social media platform.
  • We have a separate complaints policy which patients are to use should they wish to make a complaint. We will only respond to complaints made to the Hadrian Health Centre in accordance with the organisation’s policy.

We ask you to treat our staff members courteously at all times.

Thank you.

Your Rights and Responsibilities

Attending a busy GP Practice as a patient can be an anxious and worrying time for you. We aim to make your time here as short and as simple as possible and the following should help to explain what you, as a patient, can expect from our staff and what we, the staff, can expect from you.

Your Doctor’s Responsibilities

  • To treat you with respect and courtesy at all times
  • To treat you as an individual, and to discuss with you the care and treatment we can provide
  • To give you full information on the services we offer
  • To give you the most appropriate care by suitably qualified staff
  • To provide you with emergency care when you need it
  • To refer you to a suitable Consultant when necessary
  • To give you access to your health records, subject to any limitations in the law

Your Responsibilities as a Patient

  • To treat all staff with respect and courtesy at all times
  • To tell us if you are unsure about the treatment we are offering you
  • To ask for a home visit only when you are unable to attend the Practice through illness or infirmity
  • To request such a visit before 10.00 am, if possible
  • To ask for an out-of- hours visit only when necessary
  • Please ensure that you order your repeat medication in plenty of time allowing 48 working hours for your request to be processed
  • To keep to your appointment time (note: if you are more than 10 minutes late for your appointment you may not be seen)
  • To notify us at least 24 hours prior to an appointment if you cannot attend
  • To notify us of any changes to your personal details (e.g. name, address, telephone number, mobile numbers etc).

Unacceptable Actions Policy

We believe that patients have a right to be heard, understood and respected. We work hard to be open and accessible to everyone. Occasionally, the behaviour or actions of individuals using our Practice makes it very difficult for us to deal with their issue or complaint. In a small number of cases the actions of individuals become unacceptable because they involve abuse of our staff or our process. When this happens we have to take action to protect our staff, and must also consider the impact of the individuals behaviour on our ability to do our work and provide a service to others. This Policy explains how we will approach these situations.

Section 1 – What actions does the Practice consider to be unacceptable?

People may act out of character in times of trouble or distress. There may have been upsetting or distressing circumstances leading up to us being made aware of an issue or complaint. We do not view behaviour as unacceptable just because a patient is forceful or determined. In fact, we accept that being persistent may sometimes be a positive advantage when pursuing an issue or complaint. However, we do consider actions that result in unreasonable demands on our Practice or unreasonable behaviour towards Practice staff to be unacceptable. It is these actions that we aim to manage under this Policy.

Section 2 – Aggressive or abusive behaviour

We understand that patients may be angry about the issues they have raised with the Practice. If that anger escalates into aggression towards Practice staff, we consider that unacceptable. Any violence or abuse towards staff will not be accepted. Violence is not restricted to acts of aggression that may result in physical harm. It also includes behaviour or language (whether verbal or written) that may cause staff to feel offended, afraid, threatened or abused. We will judge each situation individually, and appreciate individuals who come to us may be upset.

Language which is designed to insult or degrade, is derogatory, racist, sexist, transphobic, or homophobic or which makes serious allegations that individuals have committed criminal, corrupt, perverse or unprofessional conduct of any kind, without any evidence, is unacceptable.

We may decide that comments aimed not at us, but at third parties, are unacceptable because of the effect that listening or reading them may have on our staff.

Section 3 – Unreasonable demands

A demand becomes unacceptable when it starts to (or when complying with the demand would) impact substantially on the work of the Practice. Examples of actions grouped under this heading include:

  • Repeatedly demanding responses within an unreasonable timescale
  • Repeatedly requesting early supplies of medication
  • Repeatedly requesting further supplies of stolen medication, without the required Police Incident number
  • Repeatedly ordering prescriptions outwith the set timeframe
  • Insisting on seeing or speaking to a particular member of staff when that is not possible
  • Repeatedly changing the substance of an issue or complaint or raising unrelated concerns
  • Repeatedly insisting on a course of medical treatment for which there is no clinical evidence
  • Not ensuring that a review appointment is in place, prior to ongoing medication finishing
  • An example of such impact would be that the demand takes up an excessive amount of staff time and in so doing disadvantages other patients

Section 4 – Unreasonable levels of contact

Sometimes the volume and duration of contact made to our Practice by an individual causes problems. This can occur over a short period, for example, a number of calls in one day or one hour. It may occur over the life-span of an issue when a patient repeatedly makes long telephone calls to us, or inundates us with letters or copies of information that have been sent already or that are irrelevant to the issue. We consider that the level of contact has become unacceptable when the amount of time spent talking to a patient on the telephone, or responding to, reviewing and filing emails or written correspondence impacts on our ability to deal with that issue, or with other Patients’ needs.

Section 5 – Unreasonable refusal to co-operate

When we are looking at an issue or complaint, we will ask the patient to work with us. This can include agreeing with us the issues or complaint we will look at; providing us with further information, evidence or comments on request; or helping us by summarising their concerns or completing a form for us.

Sometimes, a patient repeatedly refuses to cooperate and this makes it difficult for us to proceed. We will always seek to assist someone if they have a specific, genuine difficulty complying with a request. However, we consider it is unreasonable to bring an issue to us and then not respond to reasonable requests.

Section 6 – Unreasonable use of the complaints process

Individuals with complaints about the Practice have the right to pursue their concerns through a range of means. They also have the right to complain more than once about the Practice, if subsequent incidents occur. This contact becomes unreasonable when the effect of the repeated complaints is to harass, or to prevent us from pursuing a legitimate aim or implementing a legitimate decision. We consider access to a complaints system to be important and it will only be in exceptional circumstances that we would consider such repeated use is unacceptable – but we reserve the right to do so in such cases.

Section 7 – Examples of how we manage aggressive or abusive behaviour

  • The threat or use of physical violence, verbal abuse or harassment towards the  Practice staff is likely to result in a warning from the Senior Management Team. We may report incidents to the Police – this will always be the case if physical violence is used or threatened.
  • Practice staff will end telephone calls if they consider the caller aggressive, abusive or offensive.  Practice staff have the right to make this decision, to tell the caller that their behaviour is unacceptable and end the call if the behaviour persists.
  • We will not respond to correspondence (in any format) that contains statements that are abusive to staff or contain allegations that lack substantive evidence. Where we can, we will return the correspondence. We will explain why and say that we consider the language used to be offensive, unnecessary and unhelpful and ask the sender to stop using such language. We will state that we will not respond to their correspondence if the action or behaviour continues and may consider issuing a warning to the Patient.

Section 8 – Examples of how we deal with other categories of unreasonable behaviour

We have to take action when unreasonable behaviour impairs the functioning of our Practice. We aim to do this in a way that allows a Patient to progress through our process. We will try to ensure that any action we take is the minimum required to solve the problem, taking into account relevant personal circumstances including the seriousness of the issue(s) or complaint and the needs of the individual.

Section 9 – Other actions we may take

Where a patient repeatedly phones, visits the Practice, raises repeated issues, or sends large numbers of documents where their relevance isn’t clear, we may decide to:

• limit contact to telephone calls from the patient at set times on set days, about the issues raised

• restrict contact to a nominated member of the  Practice staff who will deal with future calls or correspondence from the patient about their issues

• see the patient by appointment only

• restrict contact from the patient to writing only regarding the issues raised

• return any documents to the patient or, in extreme cases, advise the patient that further irrelevant documents will be destroyed

• take any other action that we consider appropriate

Where we consider continued correspondence on a wide range of issues to be excessive, we may tell the patient that only a certain number of issues will be considered in a given period and ask them to limit or focus their requests accordingly. In exceptional cases, we reserve the right to refuse to consider an issue, or future issues or complaints from an individual. We will take into account the impact on the individual and also whether there would be a broader public interest in considering the issue or complaint further. We will always tell the patient what action we are taking and why.

Section 10 – The process we follow to make decisions about unreasonable behaviour

  • Any member of  the Practice staff who directly experiences aggressive or abusive behaviour from a Patient has the authority to deal immediately with that behaviour in a manner they consider appropriate to the situation and in line with this Policy
  • With the exception of such immediate decisions taken at the time of an incident, decisions to issue a warning or remove patients from our Practice List are only taken after careful consideration of the situation by the Senior Management
  • Wherever possible, we will give a patient the opportunity to change their behaviour or actions before a decision is taken

Section 11 – How we let people know we have made this decision

When a Practice employee makes an immediate decision in response to offensive, aggressive or abusive behaviour, the patient is advised at the time of the incident. When a decision has been made by Senior Management, a patient will always be given the reason in writing as to why a decision has been made to issue a warning (including the
duration and terms of the warning) or remove them from the Practice list. This ensures that the patient has a record of the decision.

Section 12 – How we record and review a decision to issue a warning

We record all incidents of unacceptable actions by patients. Where it is decided to issue a warning to a patient, an entry noting this is made in the relevant file and on appropriate computer records. Each quarter a report on all restrictions will be presented to our Senior Management Team so that they can ensure the policy is being applied appropriately. A decision to issue a warning to a patient as described above may be reconsidered either on request or on review.

Section 13 – The process for appealing a decision

It is important that a decision can be reconsidered. A patient can appeal a decision about the issuance of a warning or removal from the Practice list. If they do this, we will only consider arguments that relate to the warning or removal, and not to either the issue or complaint made to us, or to our decision to close a complaint.

An appeal could include, for example, a patient saying that: their actions were wrongly identified as unacceptable; the warning was disproportionate; or that it will adversely impact on the individual because of personal circumstances.

The Practice Manager or a GP Partner who was not involved in the original decision will consider the appeal. They have discretion to quash or vary the warning as they think best. They will make their decision based on the evidence available to them. They must advise the patient in writing that either the warning or removal still applies or a different course of action has been agreed. We may review the warning periodically or on further request after a period of time has passed. Each case is different.

This policy is subject to review

Summary Care Records (SCR)

Summary Care Records (SCR) are an electronic record of important patient information, created from GP medical records. They can be seen and used by authorised staff involved in a patient’s direct care, both within the Practice as well as in other areas of the healthcare system.

Your Summary Care Record

Care professionals in England use an electronic record called the Summary Care Record (SCR). This can provide those involved in your care with faster secure access to key information from your GP record.

The NHS have produced an information leaflet about SCR; this is available using the link below, to either view or download as you wish.

SCR Information Leaflet

What is an SCR?

If you are registered with a GP Practice in England, you will already have an SCR unless you have previously chosen not to have one.

It includes the following basic information:

  • Medicines you are taking
  • Allergies you suffer from
  • Any bad reactions to medicines

It also includes your name, address, date of birth and unique NHS Number which helps to identify you correctly.

What choices do you have?

You can now choose to include more information in your SCR, such as significant medical history (past and present), information about management of long term conditions, immunisations and patient preferences such as end of life care information, particular care needs and communication preferences.

Your SCR is available to authorised healthcare staff providing your care anywhere in England, but they will ask your permission before they look at it. This means that if you have an accident or become ill, healthcare staff treating you will have immediate access to important information about your health.

This Practice supports SCR however, as a patient you have a choice:

  • If you would like an SCR you do not need to do anything and an SCR will be created for you
  • If you do NOT want an SCR please complete the SCR opt out form

Remember, you can change your mind about your SCR at any time. Talk to our Practice if you want to discuss your option to add more information or decide you no longer want an SCR. If you do nothing we will assume you are happy for us to create a SCR for you.

Vulnerable patients and carers

Having an SCR that includes extra information can be of particular benefit to patients with detailed and complex health problems. If you are a carer for someone and believe that this may benefit them, you could discuss it with them and their GP Practice.

Who can see my SCR?

Only authorised, professional healthcare staff in England who are involved in your direct care can have access to your SCR. Your SCR will not be used for any other purposes.

These staff:

  • Need to have a Smartcard with a chip and passcode
  • Will only see the information they need to do their job
  • Will have their details recorded every time they look at your record

Healthcare professionals will ask for your permission if they need to look at your SCR. If they cannot ask you because you are unconscious or otherwise unable to communicate, they may decide to look at your record because doing so is in your best interest. This access is recorded and checked to ensure that it is appropriate.

SCRs for children

If you are the parent or guardian of a child under 16, and feel they are able to understand this information you should show it to them. You can then support them to come to a decision about having an SCR and whether to include additional information. You may request to opt them out of SAR; any opt-out requests on behalf of children will be carefully considered.

Confidentiality

For information on how the NHS will collect, store and allow access to your electronic records visit the NHS website.

Sharing your Information with Others

Collecting and sharing information is essential to provide safe and effective healthcare.

Appropriate information sharing is an essential part of the provision of safe and effective care. Patients may be put at risk if those who provide their care do not have access to relevant, accurate and up-to-date information about them.

All staff have an ethical and legal duty to keep patient information confidential.

If you do not wish your health information to be shared please notify the Practice in writing, in order that we may update your record.

Your Information

Shared Decision Making

Making decisions about your care with your doctor or nurse (shared decision making)

When you visit your doctor’s surgery you will often find that there are decisions to be made about your health and the treatments that might be available to you.  This includes when you are choosing between different types of treatment or different ways of managing any condition(s) you have.  When these decisions are made it is important that you are part of that process, so that you are able to come to the best decisions based on what is important to you.

Shared Decision Making

Your doctor/nurse is an expert about health and health care. You are an expert in knowing about yourself, the impact that any conditions have on you, and what is important to you in treating your condition and in your wider life.  When you and your doctor/nurse work together to share what you both know, and then use all of that information to come to a decision together, this is called ‘Shared Decision Making’.

How to get involved

In order for you to be involved in decisions about your care there are three key things you need to know;

  1. What are my options?
  2. What are the possible risks, benefits and consequences of each option?
  3. How can we make a decision together that is right for me?

With shared decision making your doctor/nurse is there to support you by providing good quality information, helping you understand this information, and giving you support and guidance as you think about what is most important to you.  This will help you to understand what choices are available to you, the pros and cons of each option, and then use that information to come to a decision together about the best option for you.

If you would like to know more about Shared Decision Making the following video provides further information.

Where to find more information

Here are some links to information which may help you make any decisions about your healthcare

Patient Decision Aids

Patient Decision Aids (PDAs) are designed to help you decide which treatments and care options are best for you.

PDAs are useful because they allow you to pick out the things that are most important to you (your values) and make comparisons about how different treatments might affect these values.  Patient decision aids have been developed for a number of common health care decisions and your doctor/nurse may use one or refer you on to one when you talk with them, or you might find it useful to look at one by yourself.  If you would like to know more about patient decision aids and look at some of the patient decision aids that are publicly available, the following websites :

Decision aids developed in the UK

An international inventory of decision aids.

If you are looking for information about the risk of cardio vascular disease or Type 2 diabetes and ways in which those risks can be reduced these sites contains some useful information:

The Absolute CVD Risk/Benefit Calculator

Q Intervention